Academic credentials include a Doctorate in Financial Economics and Data Science, a Masters in Forensic Accounting & Intl Finance, and a Master of Science in Blockchain Architectural Engineering & Digital Asset Coding, with post-doctoral studies in Distributed Ledger Economics and in Smart City Design Technology Integration at MIT. Professional education includes the Advanced Economic Crimes program at FLETC (Federal Law Enforcement Training Center). He has studied the economics of virtual economies since the late 70s, cryptocurrency since 83, and DLT since 1991, and has conducted DLT-based international forensic investigations since 2010.